Ap english language and composition 2022 free response questions answers - AP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses 4 average man would not be able to face. Obama provides many examples of these obstacles, from witnessing death within his family to surviving horrific events like a plane crash. These examples provoke pride within the audience.

 
AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.. Midwest triathlons 2022

In your response you should do the following: • Respond to the prompt with a thesis that analyzes the writer’s rhetorical choices. • Select and use evidence to support your line of reasoning. • Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning. • Demonstrate an understanding of the rhetorical situation.Albert features hundreds of AP-aligned AP® English Language practice questions and free response questions for you to study as you prepare for your AP® exam. Use Albert to study at your own convenience. Deliberate practice works! Students who used Albert for AP® English Language have beat the national pass rates by 13.61%.Section 2: Free Response. 3 questions 55% of Score. The 2 hour and 15 minute time limit for this section includes a 15-minute reading period. In the free-response section, you’ll respond to three questions with written answers. This section tests your skill in composition in three areas: This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) Many high schools, colleges, and universities have honor codes or honor systems: sets of rules or principles that are intended to cultivate integrity.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...2022 AP ® English Literature and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free-Response Question 1 • Scoring Guidelines • Student Samples ...May 9, 2023 · Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion. In your response you should do the following: • Respond to the prompt with a thesis that analyzes the writer’s rhetorical choices. • Select and use evidence to support your line of reasoning. • Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning. • Demonstrate an understanding of the rhetorical situation.Section 1: Multiple Choice. 55 questions 45% of Score. There are 5 sets of questions made up of 8–13 questions each. Questions include excerpts from prose fiction, drama, or poetry. Each excerpt is accompanied by several multiple-choice questions. There will be at least 2 prose fiction passages (this may include drama) and at least 2 poetry ...simplistic in their explanation and argument, weak in their control of language, or especially lacking in coherence. 0. Indicates an off-topic response, one t hat merely repeats the prompt, an entirely crossed-out response, a drawing, or a response in a language other than English. — Indicates an entirely b lank response.AP English Language and Composition Course and Exam Description. This is the core document for this course. Unit guides clearly lay out the course content and skills and recommend sequencing and pacing for them throughout the year. The CED was updated in the summer of 2020 to include scoring guidelines for the example questions.AP® English Language and Composition 2009 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,600 schools, colleges, universities and other educational ...AP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions Question 2 Suggested time—40 minutes. (This question counts as one-third of the total essay section score.) On February 27, 2013, while in office, former president Barack Obama delivered the following address dedicating the Rosa Parks statue in the National Statuary Hall of ...AP® English Language and Composition 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and otherEnglish Language and Composition; Free-Response Questions; 2022; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice Created Date 9/20/2021 8:04:57 AMThe AP® English Language and Composition exam is broken into two sections: multiple-choice and free-response. Students are asked to complete 23-25 reading questions focused on rhetorical analysis and 20-22 writing questions focused on making revisions related to diction, syntax, and other grammar concepts. The number of free-response questions ...Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion.AP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses . 3 . Sample B [1] On April 9, 1964, United States First Lady Claudia Johnson gave a speech in honor of Eleanor Roosevelt. She spoke to those in attendance of the luncheon, specifically talking to the women within the crowd.simplistic in their analysis, or weak in their control of language. 0 Indicates an on-topic response that receives no credit, such as one that merely repeats the prompt. — Indicates a blank response or one that is completely off topic.2022 AP ® English Literature and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free-Response Question 1 • Scoring Guidelines • Student Samples ...AP ® United States History 2022 Free-Response Questions UNITEDSTATESHISTORY SECTIONI,PartB Time—40minutes Directions: AnswerQuestion1 and Question2.Answer either Question3 or Question4.May 9, 2023 · Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion. AP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 3: Literary Argument 6 points . Many works of literature feature characters who accept or reject a hierarchical structure. This hierarchy may be social, economic, political, or familial, or it may apply to some other kind of structure.In your response you should do the following: • Respond to the prompt with a thesis that analyzes the writer’s rhetorical choices. • Select and use evidence to support your line of reasoning. • Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning. • Demonstrate an understanding of the rhetorical situation. simplistic in their explanation and argument, weak in their control of language, or especially lacking in coherence and development. 0 – Indicates an off-topic response, one that merely repeats the prompt, an entirely crossed-out response, a drawing, or a response in a language other than English. — Indicates an entirely blank response.Section 2: Free Response. 3 questions 55% of Score. The 2 hour and 15 minute time limit for this section includes a 15-minute reading period. In the free-response section, you’ll respond to three questions with written answers. This section tests your skill in composition in three areas:AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.AP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York TimesAP ® European History 2022 Free-Response Questions. 1. EvaluatewhethertheEnglishCivilWar(1642–1649)wasmotivatedprimarilybyreligiousreasonsorprimarilyThe following comments on the 2022 free-response questions for AP ® English Language and Composition were written by the Chief Reader Akua Duku Anokye, Associate Professor, Arizona State University. They give an overview of each free-response question and of how students performed on the question, including typical student errors.Section 2: Free Response. 3 questions 55% of Score. The 2 hour and 15 minute time limit for this section includes a 15-minute reading period. In the free-response section, you’ll respond to three questions with written answers. This section tests your skill in composition in three areas: May 9, 2023 · Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion. 2021 AP English Literature and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary ® Inside: Free Response Question 2 •• Scoring Guideline •• Student SamplesAP® English Language and Composition 2005 Free-Response Questions The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity.This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) Many high schools, colleges, and universities have honor codes or honor systems: sets of rules or principles that are intended to cultivate integrity.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions.Includes 5 sets of questions: 23–25 Reading questions that ask students to read and analyze nonfiction texts. 20–22 Writing questions that ask students to “read like a writer” and consider revisions to stimulus texts. Section II: Free Response. 3 Questions | 2 hours 15 minutes (includes a 15-minute reading period | 55% of Exam Score 2021 AP English Literature and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary ® Inside: Free Response Question 2 •• Scoring Guideline •• Student SamplesAP ® United States History 2022 Free-Response Questions UNITEDSTATESHISTORY SECTIONI,PartB Time—40minutes Directions: AnswerQuestion1 and Question2.Answer either Question3 or Question4.College Board has released the prompts for the 2022 AP English Language FRQs. We'll be breaking down those free-response questions in this video.AP English L...AP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 3: Literary Argument 6 points . Many works of literature feature characters who accept or reject a hierarchical structure. This hierarchy may be social, economic, political, or familial, or it may apply to some other kind of structure.Albert features hundreds of AP-aligned AP® English Language practice questions and free response questions for you to study as you prepare for your AP® exam. Use Albert to study at your own convenience. Deliberate practice works! Students who used Albert for AP® English Language have beat the national pass rates by 13.61%.AP English Language Scoring Rubric, Free-Response Question 1-3 | SG 1 Scoring Rubric for Question 1: Synthesis Essay 6 points Reporting Category Scoring Criteria Row A Thesis (0-1 points) 4.B 0 points For any of the following: • There is no defensible thesis. • The intended thesis only restates the prompt.AP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York TimesOur customer support staff is there for you 24/7 to answer all your questions and deal with any problems if necessary. Of course, the best proof of the premium quality of our services is clients’ testimonials.The following comments on the 2022 free-response questions for AP ® English Language and Composition were written by the Chief Reader Akua Duku Anokye, Associate Professor, Arizona State University. They give an overview of each free-response question and of how students performed on the question, including typical student errors. Section 1: Multiple Choice. 55 questions 45% of Score. There are 5 sets of questions made up of 8–13 questions each. Questions include excerpts from prose fiction, drama, or poetry. Each excerpt is accompanied by several multiple-choice questions. There will be at least 2 prose fiction passages (this may include drama) and at least 2 poetry ...AP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses 3 pathos and emotion, reminding the people of a common love for one’s country and president, and an admiring tone towards Kennedy, he was able to secure the funds to support the library and museum in Kennedy’s honor.Albert features hundreds of AP-aligned AP® English Language practice questions and free response questions for you to study as you prepare for your AP® exam. Use Albert to study at your own convenience. Deliberate practice works! Students who used Albert for AP® English Language have beat the national pass rates by 13.61%.The following comments on the 2022 free-response questions for AP ® English Language and Composition were written by the Chief Reader Akua Duku Anokye, Associate Professor, Arizona State University. They give an overview of each free-response question and of how students performed on the question, including typical student errors. Synthesis Essay Materials. The two synthesis essay questions below are examples of the question type that has been one of the three free-response questions on the AP English Language and Composition Exam as of the May 2007 exam. The synthesis question asks students to synthesize information from a variety of sources to inform their own ...AP® English Language and Composition 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and otherAP English Language Scoring Rubric, Free-Response Question 1-3 | SG 1 Scoring Rubric for Question 1: Synthesis Essay 6 points Reporting Category Scoring Criteria Row A Thesis (0-1 points) 4.B 0 points For any of the following: • There is no defensible thesis. • The intended thesis only restates the prompt.Mar 24, 2023 · 3 questions. 2 hours and 15 minutes. 55%. The AP® English Language exam was updated beginning in the 2020 exam year — these changes remain in place for the 2023 exam year. The number of multiple choice questions has been reduced to 45, while the time limit remains one hour. Mar 24, 2023 · 3 questions. 2 hours and 15 minutes. 55%. The AP® English Language exam was updated beginning in the 2020 exam year — these changes remain in place for the 2023 exam year. The number of multiple choice questions has been reduced to 45, while the time limit remains one hour. Format of the 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam. This year, all AP exams will cover all units and essay types. The 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam format will be: Section I: Multiple Choice - 45% of your score. 45 questions in 1 hour. Section II: Free Response Section - 55% of your score. 2 hours and 15 minutes for: 1 ...AP English Language Practice Exams Free Response Notes Vocab Study Guides. We have links to all of the online AP English Language & Composition practice exams. This is the best way to prepare for your AP Lang exam. Choose from the list below to get started on your test prep right now!AP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses . 3 . Sample B [1] On April 9, 1964, United States First Lady Claudia Johnson gave a speech in honor of Eleanor Roosevelt. She spoke to those in attendance of the luncheon, specifically talking to the women within the crowd. Unfortunately, we have been denied permission to reprint online the passage that accompanies Question 2 of the 1999 AP English Language free-response question. The essay "On Seeing England for the First Time" can be found in Best American Essays, 1992, edited by Susan Sontag and published by Ticknor and Fields, 1992.English Literature and Composition 202 AP® 2 Scoring Guidelines . Question 1: Poetry Analysis 6 points . In Richard Blanco’s poem “Shaving,” published in 1998, the speaker writes about the act of shaving. Read the poem carefully. Then, in a well-writtenThe AP® Language and Composition exam tests your ability to not only read content, but also to analyze what you have read and draw conclusions to present in an argument. The test consists of two parts: multiple choice and free response, and it lasts 3 hours and 15 minutes. It is a long and difficult test, but with the right amount of practice ...AP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 3: Literary Argument 6 points . Many works of literature feature characters who accept or reject a hierarchical structure. This hierarchy may be social, economic, political, or familial, or it may apply to some other kind of structure.AP® English Literature and Composition 2009 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,600 schools, colleges, universities and otherEnglish Language and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions ENGLISHLANGUAGEANDCOMPOSITION SECTIONII Totaltime—2hoursand15minutes. 3Questions. Question1 Suggestedreadingandwritingtime—55minutes Itissuggestedthatyouspend15minutesr eadingthequestion,analyzingandevaluatingthesources, and40minuteswritingyourresponse. Includes 5 sets of questions: 23–25 Reading questions that ask students to read and analyze nonfiction texts. 20–22 Writing questions that ask students to “read like a writer” and consider revisions to stimulus texts. Section II: Free Response. 3 Questions | 2 hours 15 minutes (includes a 15-minute reading period | 55% of Exam Score 2021 AP English Literature and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary ® Inside: Free Response Question 2 •• Scoring Guideline •• Student SamplesAP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York Times2021 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 3 • Scoring Guideline • Student Samples • •Scoring CommentaryFormat of the 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam. This year, all AP exams will cover all units and essay types. The 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam format will be: Section I: Multiple Choice - 45% of your score. 45 questions in 1 hour. Section II: Free Response Section - 55% of your score. 2 hours and 15 minutes for: 1 ...AP® English Literature and Composition 2009 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,600 schools, colleges, universities and other45 The AP English Language and Composition Exam 46 Summary of Scoring Rubrics 47Sample AP English Language and Composition Exam Questions 47 Sample Multiple-Choice Questions 64 Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 65 Sample Free-Response Questions 78References 79AP English Language and Composition Course at a Glance 4 Return to the Table of ...ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION SECTION I Time—1 hour 45 Questions Directions: This part consists of selections from prose works and questions on their content, form, and style. After reading each passage, choose the best answer to each question and completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...Advanced Placement® Language and Literature Tests from 1970 to 2023. AP Language and LiteratureTests Reorganized: Each prompt is now a separate dated file with prompt, scoring guide (6-point and/or 9-point), sample student essays, comments -- whatever I have, attached. Released multiple-choice exams are in a separate folder.Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion.AP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 3: Literary Argument 6 points . Many works of literature feature characters who accept or reject a hierarchical structure. This hierarchy may be social, economic, political, or familial, or it may apply to some other kind of structure.AP ® European History 2022 Free-Response Questions. 1. EvaluatewhethertheEnglishCivilWar(1642–1649)wasmotivatedprimarilybyreligiousreasonsorprimarilyMay 9, 2023 · Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Test Prep Books' AP English Language and Composition 2021 - 2022: AP English Language and Composition Study Guide with Practice Test Questions [3rd Edition] Made by Test Prep Books experts for test takers trying to achieve a great score on the AP English Language exam. This comprehensive study guide includes:2021 AP English Literature and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary ® Inside: Free Response Question 2 •• Scoring Guideline •• Student SamplesMade for any learning environment, AP teachers can assign these short videos on every skill and/or required reading as homework alongside topic questions, warm-ups, lectures, reviews, and more. AP students can also access videos on their own for additional support. Videos are available in AP Classroom, on your Course Resources page.The thesis is stated at the end of paragraph 1: “Cursive handwriting, though it may seem outdated in the digital age, is vital in society not only because it promotes cognitive development, but because it can be used to define asimplistic in their explanation and argument, weak in their control of language, or especially lacking in coherence and development. 0 – Indicates an off-topic response, one that merely repeats the prompt, an entirely crossed-out response, a drawing, or a response in a language other than English. — Indicates an entirely blank response.(This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) As the Internet age changes what and how people read, there has been considerable debate about the future of public libraries.AP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 2: Prose Fiction Analysis 6 points . The following excerpt is from Linda Hogan’s novel . People of the Whale, published in 2008. In this passage, the narrator describes two events that occurAdvanced Placement® Language and Literature Tests from 1970 to 2023. AP Language and LiteratureTests Reorganized: Each prompt is now a separate dated file with prompt, scoring guide (6-point and/or 9-point), sample student essays, comments -- whatever I have, attached. Released multiple-choice exams are in a separate folder.AP® English Language and Composition 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and otherSection 2: Free Response. 3 questions 55% of Score. The 2 hour and 15 minute time limit for this section includes a 15-minute reading period. In the free-response section, you’ll respond to three questions with written answers. This section tests your skill in composition in three areas: AP® English Literature and Composition 2009 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,600 schools, colleges, universities and otherThe Ultimate AP® English Language Reading List. The Albert Team. Last Updated On: March 1, 2022. Within the AP English Language curriculum are certain books that will assist you in answering free response questions during the exam as well as some of the multiple choice questions. By being well-read you can get a leg up on the other students ...

Note: You may begin writing your response before the reading period is over. (This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from. Cash flow register ti 84 plus

ap english language and composition 2022 free response questions answers

The Ultimate AP® English Language Reading List. The Albert Team. Last Updated On: March 1, 2022. Within the AP English Language curriculum are certain books that will assist you in answering free response questions during the exam as well as some of the multiple choice questions. By being well-read you can get a leg up on the other students ...your answer sheet, one response per question. Completely fill in the circles. If you need to erase, do so carefully and completely. No credit will be given for anything written in the exam booklet. Scratch paper is not allowed, but you may use the margins or any blank space in the exam booklet for scratch work. Are there any questions? . . .Albert features hundreds of AP-aligned AP® English Language practice questions and free response questions for you to study as you prepare for your AP® exam. Use Albert to study at your own convenience. Deliberate practice works! Students who used Albert for AP® English Language have beat the national pass rates by 13.61%.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions.AP English Literature and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions Author: ETS Subject: Free-Response Questions from the 2022 AP English Literature and Composition Exam Keywords: English Literature and Composition; Free-Response Questions; 2022; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice Created Date: 10/19/2021 1:40:00 PMCollege Board has released the prompts for the 2022 AP English Language FRQs. We'll be breaking down those free-response questions in this video.AP English L...The 2022 AP English Language exam will consist of two sections: multiple-choice and free-response. The multiple-choice section is worth 45 percent of the exam score, and the free-response section is worth 55 percent. You will have 1 hour to answer 45 multiple-choice questions and 2 hours, 15 minutes to answer 3 free-response questions.AP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York Times2022 AP Lit FRQ 3: Accepting or Rejecting Hierarchical Structure . Part 4 of 4. Written by Michelle Lindsey. With AP Literature testing finally over and the College Board finally releasing the Free Response Questions, it’s time to talk about Question 3. Fortunately for my kids, we had a class discussion recapping the novels we read throughout ...AP® English Language and Composition 2005 Free-Response Questions The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity.2022 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free-Response Question 2 Scoring Guidelines Student Samples Scoring CommentarySusan Chu. Updated: January 16, 2023. The 2023 AP exams will take place over a two-week period in May: May 1–5 and May 8–12. The AP English Literature and Composition exam for 2023 will be a full-length paper-and-pencil exam that students can take in school only. Here is what you need to know to do well in the upcoming AP English Literature ...Responses to this question were designed to demonstrate choice, comprehension, and ability to develop and support a claim. While the first two free-response questions build on a supplied text, this question includes both the opportunity and the challenge for students to choose a work to discuss. The framework for that choice wasEnglish Literature and Composition 202 AP® 2 Scoring Guidelines . Question 1: Poetry Analysis 6 points . In Richard Blanco’s poem “Shaving,” published in 1998, the speaker writes about the act of shaving. Read the poem carefully. Then, in a well-written.

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